7077-R2_NewGloucester_2019_AnnualReport_Web

SABBATHDAY LAKE | 2018 Water Quality Report SABBAT AY LAKE | 2018 Water Quality Report

BACKGROUND

LAKE FACTS Watershed: Royal River Town: New Gloucester Watershed Area: 5.33 sq. mi. Mean Depth: 24 feet Max Depth: 68 feet Surface Area: 342 acres Flushing Rate: 0.88 flushes/year atershed: Royal River To n: Ne Gloucester atershed Area: 5.3 sq. mi. ean Depth: 24 fe t ax Depth: 68 fe t Surface Area: 342 acres Flushing Rate: 0.8 flushes/year

Sabbathday Lake is a 342-acre, non-colored waterbody located in the Town of New Gloucester, Cumberland County, Maine. The lake is part of the larger Royal River watershed and has a direct watershed area of 5.33 square miles, a maximum depth of 68 feet (20.7 meters), a mean depth of 24 feet (7.3 meters), and a flushing rate of 0.88 times per year (see DEP lake depth maps in Appendix A). Historically, Sabbathday Lake has been an important natural resource for the local Shaker community and the Town of New Gloucester. Today, the lake provides recreational opportunities, such as swimming, boating, and fishing, as well as valuable habitat for fish, birds, and other wildlife. Sabbathday Lake supports a cold- and warm-water fishery, which include largemouth bass, rainbow smelt, brown trout, brook trout, chain pickerel, and black crappie. Maine Inland Fisheries and Wildlife has stocked the lake with brown trout and brook trout since 1989. Cold-water fish, such as trout, need at least 5 parts per million (ppm) of dissolved oxygen (DO) in the water to survive and even higher levels to grow. Historically, Sabbathday Lake has experienced critically-low DO concentrations in the deepest areas of the lake in August and September. Low DO in Sabbathday Lake can release phosphorus from bottom sediments into the water column where it can fuel algal growth. Thus, DO monitoring is an important part of the annual water quality evaluation. Based on historical measures of Secchi disk transparency (SDT) or water clarity , total phosphorus (TP), and chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) , the water quality of Sabbathday Sabbathday Lake is a 342-acre, non-colored aterbody located in the To n of e loucester, Cu berland County, aine. The lake is part of the larger Royal River atershed and has a direct atershed area of 5.3 square iles, a aximu depth of 68 fe t (20.7 eters), a ean depth of 24 fe t (7.3 eters), and a flushing rate of 0.8 times per year (se DEP lake depth maps in Appendix A). istorical y, Sabbathday Lake has be n an important natural resource for the local Shaker co unity and the To n of e loucester. Today, the lake provides recreational opportunities, such as s im ing, boating, and fishing, as wel as valuable habitat for fish, birds, and other ildlife. Sabbathday Lake supports a cold- and warm-water fishery, hich include large outh bas , rainbo s elt, bro n trout, brook trout, chain pickerel, and black crappie. Maine Inland Fisheries and Wildlife has stocked the lake with bro n trout and brook trout since 1989. Cold- ater fish, such as trout, ne d at least 5 parts per mil ion (pp ) of dis olved oxygen (DO) in the water to survive and even higher levels to gro . istorical y, Sabbathday Lake has experienced critical y-lo concentrations in the de pest areas of the lake in ugust and Septe ber. Lo in Sabbathday Lake can release phosphorus fro bot o sediments into the water colu n where it can fuel algal gro th. Thus, D monitoring is an important part of the annual water quality evaluation. Based on historical easures of Sec hi disk transparency (S T) or ater clarity , total phosphorus (TP), and chlorophyl -a (Chl-a) , the ater quality of Sabbathday

Watershed is an area of land that drains water to a point along or the outlet of a stream, river, or lake. Dissolved Oxygen (DO) is the concentration of oxygen dissolved in water. DO is critical to the healthy metabolism of many organisms that reside in the water. DO concentrations may change dramatically with lake depth due to the natural process of thermal stratification in summer. Oxygen is produced in the top portion of a lake (where sunlight drives photosynthesis), and oxygen is consumed near the bottom of a lake (where organic matter accumulates and decomposes). Phosphorus is one of the major nutrients needed for plant growth, and is naturally present in small amounts. Humans can add phosphorus to a lake through stormwater runoff, lawn or garden fertilizers, and leaky or poorly-maintained wastewater disposal systems. Excess phosphorus can lead to increased plant and algae growth in lakes. Water clarity is a vertical measure of transparency or the ability of light to penetrate water, obtained by lowering a black and white disk into the water until it is no longer visible. Changes in transparency may be due to increased or decreased algal growth or the amount of dissolved or particulate suspended material in a lake, resulting from human disturbance or other impacts. atershed is an area of land that drains water to a point along or the outlet of a strea , river, or lake. is olved Oxygen ( ) is the concentration of oxygen dis olved in water. D is critical to the healthy metabolis of many organis s that reside in the water. D concentrations ay change dra atically with lake depth due to the natural proces of ther al stratification in su er. Oxygen is produced in the top portion of a lake (where sunlight drives photosynthesis), and oxygen is consu ed near the bot o of a lake (where organic matter accumulates and decomposes). Phosphorus is one of the major nutrients ne ded for plant gro th, and is naturally present in s all a ounts. Hu ans can ad phosphorus to a lake through stor ater runof , la n or garden fertilizers, and leaky or po rly- aintained waste ater disposal syste s. Exces phosphorus can lead to increased plant and algae gro th in lakes. ater clarity is a vertical measure of transparency or the ability of light to penetrate water, obtained by lo ering a black and white disk into the water until it is no longer visible. Changes in transparency may be due to increased or decreased algal gro th or the a ount of dis olved or particulate suspended material in a lake, resulting fro hu an disturbance or other impacts.

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